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- A structure in the embryo of a seed plant
- that may form a `leaf' after germination and
- is commonly known as a seed leaf. The number
- of cotyledons present in an embryo is an
- important chararcter in the classification of
- flowering plants (angiosperms).
- Monocotyledons (such as grasses, palms, and
- lilies) have a single cotyledon, whereas
- dicotyledons (the majority of species) have
- two. In seeds that also contain endosperm
- (nutritive tissue) the cotyledons are thin,
- but where they are the primary food-storing
- tissue, as in peas and beans, they may be
- quite large. After germination the cotyledons
- either remain below ground (hypogeal) or,
- more commonly, spread out above soil level
- (epigeal) and become the first green leaves.
- In gymnosperms there may be up to a dozen
- cotyledons within each seed.
-